R Koteeswaran takes over as new Indian Overseas Bank CMD

R Koteeswaran has taken over as the Chairman and Managing Director of public sector Indian Overseas Bank (IOB).
Prior to this, Koteeswaran was serving Bank of India as its Executive Director, the Chennai-based IOB said in a statement today.
Koteeswaran began his career in 1976 in Bank of Baroda and later joined Bank of India as its Executive Director.

Sutirtha Bhattacharya takes charge as Coal India Limited’s full-time CMD

Sutirtha Bhattacharya took charge as full-time Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Coal India Limited (CIL).
He is a 1985 batch IAS officer and for this post his name was cleared by Appointments Committee of the Cabinet after it was recommended by the Public Enterprises Services Board (PESB).
Prior to this appointment, he was the CMD of state-owned Singareni Collieries Company.
Background
The post of full time CMD was vacant for past six months after then full-time CMD S Narsing Rao had resigned from the post in May, 2014 to join Telangana government.
Till this vacant time, Additional Secretary Coal A K Dubey was given the additional charge as CMD of CIL from June 26, 2014.

About Coal India Limited (CIL)

It is a state-controlled coal mining company. It is headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.
It is the largest coal producer company in the world and contributes around 81% of the coal production in India.
Union Government of India owns 90% of the shares in CIL and controls the operations of CIL through Ministry of Coal.
In April 2011, CIL was conferred the Maharatna status by Government of India. It is India’s 5th most valuable company in terms of market value.

Over 40 Indians in Forbes annual list of global prodigies

Over 40 Indians and people of Indian-origin, including technology wizards, inventors and policymakers, have been named by Forbes in its annual list of “young game changers, movers and makers” under the age of 30 from around the globe.
The fourth annual compilation by Forbes includes 600 millennial in 20 fields, including consumer technology, retail, entertainment, science, finance, media, social entrepreneurs, law and policy and enterprise technology.
The list includes big names like Harry Potter actress and UN Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson, actor Zac Efron, basketball player James Harden and NBA star Chris Paul.
There are 44 Indians and people of Indian-origin in the list, who are doing exemplary work like inventing an inexpensive method of purifying water, working on international food security initiatives and developing crutches that don’t hurt armpits.
In the venture capital category is Nitesh Banta, 28, who cofoundeded Rough Draft Ventures that helps student entrepreneurs receive up to USD 25,000 to start a company.
In the consumer technology category is Ankur Jain, 24, who cofounded ‘Humin’, an app that organises contacts, social networks and calendars into a neat, searchable interface.
Avinash Gandhi, 26, is making waves in Hollywood as an agent for talent agency William Morris Endeavour.
Partha Unnava, 22, is the CEO of Better Walk which develop a better set of crutches that don’t hurt people’s armpits.
The retail category features Aman Advani, 26, who cofounded ‘Ministry of Supply’, a men’s fashion company that has developed shirts that use NASA-developed technology to manage heat and moisture.
In the sports category, 29-year-old Ishveen Anand founded OpenSponsorship, which is the first online platform to facilitate sponsorship agreements by connecting brands with pro-sports rights holders like leagues and teams. The group currently includes Indian cricket captain M S Dhoni and F1 team Force India.
Vijay Chudasama, 28, is working in one of the hottest areas for new biotechnology drugs of combining antibodies with other medicines.
Vinith Misra, 27 is working on the Chef Watson machine, which applies artificial intelligence to create new recipes.
Vivek Ravisankar, 27, cofounded HackerRank, a service company that can use coding challenges to find new engineering talent. Its paying customers include Facebook, Amazon, Zynga, Walmart, and the White House.
Deepika Kurup, 16, has invented an inexpensive method of purifying water that utilises sunlight and a photo-catalytic composite of titanium dioxide and silver nitrate.
Others in the list are Assistant professor at MIT 28-year- old Nikhil Agarwal, Deputy Chief of Staff for the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property Vikrum Aiyer, Ohio state representative Niraj Antani, and 23-year-old Rahul Rekhi, who is currently working to develop a UN-level treaty on antibiotic resistance policy.

Former state PWD minister Ram Prasad Kamal passes away

Former Minister of State for Public Works Department Ram Prasad Kamal passed away after a brief illness in Allahabad.

The 84-year old veteran parliamentarian breathed his last at his son's residence in Allahabad yesterday. He was brought to his ancestral home in Mathura late last night where his last rites will be performed at Dhruv Ghat this afternoon.
Kamal served as the Minister of State for PWD for BJP government from 1997-2004.
According to younger son Bhuvan Bhushan, Kamal was a batchmate of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee while studying law at DAV College, Kanpur.
Kamal was inducted into the BJP by Vajpayee in 1980 following which he was elected for two consecutive terms as member of the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad from 1992.
Earlier, he had been twice elected as a member of the Mathura Nagar Palika as an independent candidate.
Kamal had also served as the president of BSA College's law department and as the dean of Agra University's law department.
He is survived by his wife Rameshwari Devi and nine children. 

P Krishnamurthy appointed private secretary to defence minister

NEW DELHI: IAS officer P Krishnamurthy was appointed as private secretary to defence minister Manohar Parrikar on Monday.

Krishnamurthy, a 1997 batch IAS officer of Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union territories cadre, is presently working as resident commissioner at Goa Sadan and state's finance secretary.

He has been appointed for a five-year period or on co-terminus basis with the minister's tenure, an order issued by the department of personnel and training said. He has also worked as secretary to Parrikar when the latter was Goa chief minister. Senior Goa bureaucrats Parimal Rai and Pawan Kumar Sain are likely to be posted in the defence ministry, sources said. The three were the main officers in the Parrikar administration in Goa.

Indian Constitution

Borrowed Features in Indian Constitution

1. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Fundamental Rights ?
Answer: America (USA)

2. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Supreme Court ?
Answer: America (USA)

3. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Preamble ?
Answer: America (USA)

4. From Which country India Borrowed Written Constitution ?
Answer: America (USA)
 
5. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Fundamental Duties ?
Answer: Russia (USSR)
 
6. From Which country India Borrowed Five year Plan ?
Answer: Russia (USSR)

7. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Speaker in Lok Sabha ?
Answer: Britain (UK)
 
8. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Parliamentary Election ?
Answer: Britain (UK)
 
9. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Election Commission ?
Answer: Britain (UK)
 
10. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed 'Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the Emergency' ?
Answer: Germany

11. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Concurrent list ?
Answer: Australia
 
12. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Federal System ?
Answer: Canada

13. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Union - State List ?
Answer: Canada

14. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Amendment of the Constitution ?
Answer: South Africa




  Constitution Amendments


1. Which amendment is known as Mini constitution ?
Answer: 42 ^nd amendment (1976)


2. In which amendment did the Preamble amended ?
 Answer: 42 ^nd amendment


3. In which amendment did Right to property is removed from the Fundamental Rights ?
Answer: 44 ^th amendment (1978)


4. In which amendment did the voting age is lowered form 21 to 18 ?
Answer: 61 ^st amendment (1989)


5.which amendment created the National Capital Territory of Delhi ?
Answer: 69 ^st amendment (1991)


6. Which amendment lead to the creation of Panchayat Raj ?
Answer: 73 ^st amendment (1992)




  Constitution Articles


1. Which article is known as Heart and Soul of the Constitution ?
Answer: Article 32


2. Which article is known as Necessary Evil ?
Answer: Article 22


3. Article 17 of the Indian Constitution provides for ?
Answer: Abolition of Untouchability


4. Fundamental Right are granted to citizens under which Article ?
Answer: Article 12 to 35


5. 'Right to Equality' is guaranteed to the citizens of India under Article ?
Answer: Article 14


6. Which article has banned employment of children below the of 14 in hazardous industries and factories ?
Answer: Article 24


7. Which article deals with the free and compulsory education to all children below 14 years of age ?
Answer:  Article 45


8. Which article deals with Right to elementary Education ?
Answer: Article 21 A


8. Which is the Article that provides special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir ?
Answer: Article 370


9. Which Article relates to the establishment of Finance Commission ?
Answer: Article 280


10. Which Article deals with the Fundamental Duties ?
Answer: Article 51 A

National Wildlife Sanctuaries and National parks in India

* Wild Ass Sanctuary is situated in Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat

1. Gir National Park is situated in Gujarat

2. Sariska is situated in Alwar, Rajasthan

3. Ghana Bird Sanctuary is situated in Rajasthan

4. Darraha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Rajasthan

5. Mt. Abu Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Rajasthan

6. Ranthambore Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Rajasthan

7. Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Hazaribag, Jarkhand

8. Mudhumalai Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu

9. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Idukki, Kottayam, Kerala

10. National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh

11. Chandraprabha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Uttar Pradesh

12. Bankatna Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Uttar Pradesh
 13. Nanda Devi Musk Deer Park is situated in Uttarakhand (included in UNESCO World Heritage List)

14. Corbett National Park is situated in Nainital, Uttarakahnd

15. Bondla Game Sanctuary is situated in Goa

16. Mollem Game Sanctuary is situated in Goa

17. Cottigao Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Goa

18. Sunderbans National Park is situated in West Bengal (included in UNESCO World Heritage List)

19. Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Assam (included in UNESCO World Heritage List)

20. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Assam (included in UNESCO World Heritage List)

21. Dachigam Wildlife Sanctuary is in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

22. Salim Ali National Park is situated in Jammu & Kashmir
 23. Nagarhole National Park (Rajiv Gandhi National Park) is situated in Karnataka

24. Bandipur National Park is situated in Karnataka

* 25. Kanha National Park is situated in Madhya Pradesh

* 26. Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Chattisgarh

* 27. Gandhisagar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Madhya Pradesh

Nobel Prize winners 2014

Medicine

John O’Keefe and Norwegian couple May-Britt and Edvard Moser have won the 2014 Nobel Prize for medicine for their work which has led to discovering the brain’s internal positioning system.

About Nobel Prize in Medicine

The Nobel award for medicine is given to persons whose discoveries have significantly enhanced the understanding of life or the practice of medicine.  The Nobel comes with prize money of 8 mn Swedish kroner or $1.1 mn. The winner is chosen by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute which is a group of 50 professors which has an 18 member working body that evaluates nominations from scientists around the world and proposes the names of top candidates for the award. The Nobel Prize for medicine is always announced before the Nobel Prize for other categories. The Nobel Assembly, made the  announcement at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute saying that the discovery had provided a solution to an issue that has plagued the mind of researchers and philosopher alike for centuries : “How does the brain create a map of the space surrounding us and how can we navigate our way through a complex environment?”

2014 Nobel Prize Medicine Winners

John O’Keefe

John O’Keefe is a 74 yr old American-British Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College in  London.
In 1971, Dr. O’Keefe was studying the hippocampus, when during an experiment on rats he discovered that certain nerve cells got activated when the rat was in a particular spot. If the rat changed its place, then different nerve cells in the rat’s brain got activated. This led to his conclusion that the cells weren’t just registering the location but they appeared to be making circuits that constituted an inner map or ‘GPS’ of the place. He realized that the hippocampus was a spatial system where the memory of a certain place gets stored a particular combination of the nerve cells.

May-Britt and Edvard Moser

May-Britt Moser aged 51 and Edvard Moser aged 52 are a married team of neuroscientists working at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.
In 2005, the Mosers’ worked with O’Keefe to further his work. They conducted similar experiments on rats, where they discovered that nerve cells in entorhinal cortex which is near the hippocampus got activated when the animals passed certain places. These nerve cells together laid out a grid like pattern enabling the rat to navigate spatially.

Research

Before the work done by these three scientists, we didn’t have a sense of how the brain processed maps at a cellular level. Their work helps researchers delve deeper into how strokes and Alzheimer’s affect the brain, with the help of their inner navigational chart.

 Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2014 has been awarded to the French author, Patrick Modiano, “for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation”.
The last time a French author won a Nobel for Literature was in 2008 when Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio won.
Modiano has also been the recipient of other awards including Grand prix du roman de l’Academie francaise in 1972 and the 2010 prix mondial Cino Del Duca by the Institut de France for lifetime achievement. In 2012, he won the Austrian State Prize for European Literature.
Patrick Modiano
Modiano was born on July 30, 1945 in a suburb of Paris. He studied at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris. His private geometry coach, Raymond Queneau, was also a writer and had a significant influence on Modiano’s career. His writings are in French, though some have been translated into English and other languages.
He made his writing debut in 1968 with La place de l’étoile. His first work was widely discussed and well known but it hasn’t been translated into English. Most of his work centres around ambiguous themes such as memory, oblivion, identity and guilt. His stories also tend to be of an autobiographical nature and draw upon his city and its history. Some of Modiano’s works have been translated into English, among them Les boulevards de ceinture (1972; Ring Roads : A Novel, 1974), Villa Triste (1975;Villa Triste, 1977), Quartier perdu (1984; A Trace of Malice, 1988) and Voyage de noces (1990; Honeymoon, 1992). His latest work is the novel Pour que tu ne te perdes pas dans le quartier.
Other than an  author of novels, Modiano has also written children’s novels and movie scripts.

Chemistry

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has announced that the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the year 2014 is being awarded to Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”. For years, it was assumed that the resolution that could be achieved by optical microscopy was limited to half the wavelength of light. These three scientists overcame this perceived limitation with the help of fluorescent molecules. Their work has made it possible to “study molecular processes in real time” according to the Nobel Committee Chair. The winners will share the prize money of 8 mn kroner.

Limitation on Resolution

It was assumed by the scientific community that it would be impossible to study living cells in its tiniest molecular detail. The microscopist Ernst Abbe had set 0.2 micrometres as the maximum resolution that could be achieved through optical microscopy. This development took place in 1873, and for decades no scientist could achieve a better resolution. These three scientists surpassed Abbe’s limitation and enabled scientists to analyse the nanoscopic world. The scientists have been awarded for their work with two different approaches, namely, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and single molecule microscopy.

Work of Stefan Hell

Stefan Hell developed the STED microscopy method in 2000. To better Abbe’s resolution, he used two laser beams. One beam stimulated the fluorescent molecules to grow, while the other beam cancelled out all fluorescence except that in a nanometer sized volume.

Work of Betzig and Moerner

Betzig and Moerner worked with single molecule microscopy. This method is based on the ability to turn the fluorescence of molecules on and off. A couple of different molecules are allowed to glow each time the image is recorded;. Then, all the recorded images are superimposed to form one complete image covering all molecules. This method was first tested in 2006.

Breakthrough work

The work done by these scientists enables researchers and other to analyse individual molecules, thus enabling them to carry on further research. With the ability to look at individual molecules, we can better understand the human anatomy and the occurrence of various diseases.

About Eric Betzig

Eric Betzig is an American citizen who born in 1960 in USA. He is a Group Leader at the Janelia Research Campus at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in USA

About Stefan W. Hell

Stefan W. Hell is a German citizen who was born in Romania in 1962. He is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, and Division head at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany.

William E. Moerner

William E. Moerner is an American citizen who was born in USA in 1953. He is the Harry S. Mosher Professor in Chemistry and Professor of Applied Physics at Stanford University in USA.

 Physics

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced its decision to award the Nobel Prize for Physics to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources”.

Isamu Akasaki
Isamu Akasaki is a Japanese citizen. He was born 1929 in Chiran, Japan and educated in Japan. He is currently a Professor at Meijo University, Nagoya, and Distinguished Professor at Nagoya University, Japan.
Hiroshi Amano
Hiroshi Amano is a Japanese citizen. He was born in 1960 in Hamamatsu, Japan and educated in Japan. He is a Professor at Nagoya University in Japan.
Shuji Nakamura
Shuji Nakamura is an American citizen. He was born in 1954 in Ikata, Japan and educated in Japan. He is currently a Professor at University of California in USA.

Discovery of blue LEDs

The three scientists of Japanese origin have been awarded the Nobel for inventing blue light emitting diodes or LEDs.
Although red and green LEDs have been in existence for decades now, development of blue LEDs posed a formidable challenge to scientists and researchers.
Within a LED, current is applied to multiple semiconductor materials, which emit a particular wavelength of light depending on the chemical make-up of the semiconductor materials in question. Gallium nitride was the semiconductor used by the Japanese researchers to develop the blue LED. Growing adequately big crystal of gallium nitride was the challenge that many researchers couldn’t figure out. Akasaki and Amano, worked together in 1986 to get the gallium nitride to grow to a big size, with the help of a specifically designed scaffold partially made from sapphire.
In 1990, Nakamura also managed to induce the gallium nitride to grow to a big size by manipulating the temperature to induce its growth.
Their work in discovering blue LEDs led to the combining of red, green and blue LEDs to form white LEDs.

Significance of blue LEDs

Blue LED is an extremely significant development on its own, and because it was a stepping stone in the development of white LED, it is a path-breaking milestone.
Blue LEDs are used in many products nowadays. Smartphones, for example, use blue LEDs. White LEDs are used in a plethora of products from lamps tto television screen to computer screens.
LEDs use much less energy than incandescent lamps, and are efficient enough to run on locally generated solar power. It is major development in the 21^st century where energy conservation has become vital

 Economics

The Nobel Prize for Economics was awarded to Jean Tirole “for his analysis of market power and regulation”.  He will be awarded prize money of 8 mn Swedish krona.
Jean Tirole is the second Frenchman to have been awarded a Nobel Prize this year. Tirole has been very vocal about the need for greater regulation of banks, and has been in the news for his views ever since the financial crisis of 2008.

Work of Tirole

Tirole’s area of study has been markets which are dominated by a few large and powerful firms or which have a single monopoly. When left unregulated by the government, these firms tend to distort the markets and have generally adverse consequences. Since the mid 1980s, Tirole has been researching such market failures. He analysed these firms in order to determine the best way to regulate them effectively. Governments of most nations had a tendency to place the same set of regulations on the firms in different sectors/industries. Tirole’s work suggested that such a method would be ineffectual, and that there need to be different regulations and restrictions on firms in different sectors like banking, telecommunications etc. His work has helped governments develop a better framework to protect the rights of both competing firms, small size firms and consumers.

Jean Tirole

Jean was born on 9 August 1953, in France. He did his doctorate from MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is currently with the Toulouse University in France where he is the Scientific Director at Institut d’Économie Industrielle in the Toulouse School of Economics.

 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is officially called the  Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. It is not one of the original Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel’s will in 1895. The Economics Prize was established only in 1968, and is funded by Sweden’s central bank, Sveriges Riksbank. The bank created an endowment for the Prize on its 300^th anniversary.
However, the Economics prize follows the same rules governing the original Nobel Prizes and is awarded at the same ceremony. Also, in consonance with Nobel’s will, the Economics Prize is also given to persons who have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The selection is done by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, who pick the Nobel laureates in chemistry and physics.

 Peace Prize

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai for their “struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.” The Committee specifically pointed out how commendable it was for “a Hindu and a Muslim, an Indian and a Pakistani, to join in a common struggle for education and against extremism”. The Committee also hoped that their fight for the rights of children will contribute to the larger goal of “fraternity between nations” that Alfred Nobel has explicitly mentioned in his will as one of the criteria for awarding the Nobel Peace Prize.

Malala and Satyarthi will be awarded a medal and $1.4 mn at an special ceremony in Oslo.

 Malala Yousafzai

17 year old Malala Yousafzai is the youngest Nobel Laureate in the history of the prize. She is also the third Nobel laureate who was born in Pakistan.
Malala fought for the rights of girl children in Swat Valley, Pakistan to attend school. She was shot by gunmen there, and later moved to Birmingham, UK. Since then, she has published her autobiography, addressed the UNGA, been named one of Time magazine’s most influential people in 2013, and awarded the EU’s Sakharov Prize for human rights.

Kailash Satyarthi

Satyarthi is the eighth Nobel laureate to have been born in India. He is an adherent of Gandhian philosophy. He has upheld Mahatma Gandhi’s practice of engaging and conducting peaceful protests. He has focused his agitations against the exploitation of children for financial gain. He is the founder of the Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save the Childhood Movement). Through his NGO, he campaigns for protection of child rights and to abolish illegal human trafficking.

List of "Bharat Ratna"-Award Recipients From 1954 Till Date

The  "Bharat Ratna” Award was established on 2nd January 1954 by the first  President of India- Babu Rajendra Prasad along with the following 3 “Padma Awards”:

• Padma Vibhusan
• Padma Bhusan
• Padma Shri

The “Bharat Ratna” Award is the highest Civilian Award in India. “Bharat Ratna” means “Gem of India”.

"Bharat Ratna" Award  is  conferred on  Indian Citizens, including resident and non-resident , and also on Foreigners  for the highest degrees of  national services rendered in the fields of:-

• Art
• Literature
• Science
• Public service of high orders

In the year 2011, the Government of India modified the eligibility criteria for "Bharat Ratna" Award  from the earlier criteria- "for the highest degrees of  national service" to - " "for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour"- to enable eminent sports-persons to receive the  nation's highest civilian award.

Initially, the” Bharat  Ratna”  award was conferred on only  alive persons and the award was  not intended to be given posthumous.

After January 1955 provision was made for issue of posthumous Bharat Ratna award.

The Following is the List of "Bharat Ratna"-Award Recipients- consisting of  45 eminent Persons, including 40 Indian Citizens, /both Resident and Non-Resident and 3  Foreigners, From the Year 1954 To the Year 2015:-

1954 (6):
1.    Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975)-

The Second President and the  First Vice President of India, A Philosopher belonging to Tamil Nadu whose birthday is commemorated as “Teachers’ Day”.

2. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari /Rajaji(1878–1972)- The last Governor General of British India who was also an Indian  Freedom Fighter, belonging to Tamilnadu

3.Sir C. V. Raman ( 1888–1970)- Nobel-prize winning Physicist belonging to  Tamil Nadu

1955 (1):-
4. Dr.Bhagwan Das (1869–1958)- A Man of Literature and an  Indian  Freedom Fighter  belonging to Uttar Pradesh

5.Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya (1861–1962)- An Indian  Civil Engineer and Dam Architect,  A Diwan of  Princely state of Mysore Karnataka

 6. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964)- The First Prime Minister of India and an Indian  Freedom Fighter and  Writer belonging to Uttar Pradesh

1956: None

1957 (1):
7. Mr. Govind Ballabh Pant (1887–1961)- An Indian Freedom Fighter and Home Minister of Indian Union belonging to Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand

1958 (1):
8. Dhondo Keshav Karve (1858–1962) –An Educationist and a Social Reformer belonging to Maharashtra- Awarded Bharata Ratna in his birth centenary year 1958

1959 and1960: None

1961 (2):
9. Dr. B. C. Roy (1882–1962)_ A Physician, Politician and Former Chief Minister of West Bengal belonging to West Bengal

10.Mr.Purushottam Das Tandon (1882–1962)- An Indian- Freedom Fighter and an   Educationist belonging to Uttar Pradesh

1962:None

1963 (3):
11. Dr.(Babu) Rajendra Prasad (1884–1963)- The first President of India, a Freedom Fighter and a Jurist belonging to Bihar

12. Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897–1969)-Former President of India and a Scholar  belonging to Andhra Pradesh

13. Mr.Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880–1972)- Ideologist and Sanskrit scholar   belonging to Maharashtra

1964 and 1965: None

1966 (1):

14. Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904–1966)--The Second Prime Minister of India a Freedom Fighter belonging to Uttar Pradesh- Awarded Posthumously

From 1967 To 1970:  None
1971 (1):

15.Mrs. Indira Gandhi –(1917–1984)- Former and the first and the only Lady Prime Minister of India/Daughter of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, belonging to Uttar Pradesh

From 1972 To 1974: None

1975 (1):

16.Mr.V. V. Giri (1894–1980)- Former President- Trade Unionist belonging to Orissa

1976 (1):

17.Mr.K. Kamaraj (1903–1975)--A Freedom Fighter-Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu belonging to Tamil Nadu-Awarded Posthumously 

1977 To 1979:None
The ‘Bharat  Ratna” award  had been  kept suspended by the Government of  India,from  13th July 1977 to 26th January 1980.

1980 (1):
18 .Mother Teresa (1910–1997)- A Nobel Laureate (For Peace, 1979) A foreigner belonging to the Republic of Macedonia-  dedicated to the Sick people of India especially for those who were affected by Leprosy

1981 and 1982: None

1983 (1):
19.Acharya Vinoba Bhave (1895–1982)-- A Social  Reformer and a Freedom Fighter belonging to Maharashtra-Awarded Posthumously

From 1984 To 1986:- None

1987 (1):
20.Mr.Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known as "Frontier Gandhi", (1890–1988)-

The first non-citizen awarded Bharata Ratna- A Freedom Fighter belonging to Pakistan

1988 (1):
21.Mr. M. G. Ramachandran (1917–1987)- -Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu- Popular Cinema Actor belonging to Tamil Nadu- Awarded Posthumously 

1989:None

1990 (2):
22.Dr.B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956)- An Architect who  played a key role in the formation of the Indian Constitution, a Social Reformer, Economist and Scholar belonging to Maharashtra-

Awarded Posthumously-

 

23. Dr.Nelson Mandela(1918-2013) -  The Second non-citizen and the first non-Indian awarded Bharat  Ratna- A Leader of Anti-Apartheid movement belonging to South Africa

1991 (3):
24.Mr.Rajiv Gandhi (1944–1991)- - Former Prime Minister of India/Son of Mrs.Indira Gandhi/Grand-son of  Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru- belonging to New Delhi -Awarded Posthumously

25.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950)- An Indian  Freedom  Fighter and the First Home Minister of India belonging to Gujarat-Awarded Posthumously-

26. Mr.Morarji Desai (1896–1995)- A Former Prime Minister of India  and an Indian  Freedom
Fighter belonging to Gujarat. He was the First Ever Non-Congress Prime Minister of India.

1992 (3):
27. Mr. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958) – AFreedom Fighter and the First Education Minister of India belonging to WestBengal-Awarded Posthumously

28. Mr.J. R. D. Tata (1904–1993)- An Industrialist and a philanthropist  belonging to Maharashtra

29.Mr.Satyajit Ray (1922–1992)- A popular Bengali -Film Director-An Oscar Award-winner

From 1993 To 1996: None
1997 (3):
30. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam- Born in 1931- A Former President of India- Atomic Scientist belonging to Tamil Nadu

31.Mr.Gulzarilal Nanda (1898–1998)-An Indian  Freedom Fighter and a former(Acting) Prime Minister of India belonging to Punjab

32. Ms,.Aruna Asaf Ali (1908–1996) An Indian  Freedom Fighter belonging to West Bengal-Awarded Posthumously

1998 (2):

33 .Mrs.M. S. Subbulakshmi (1916–2004)- A Carnatic music vocalist  belonging to Tamil Nadu

34.Mr.Chidambaram Subramaniam/C.S. (1910–2000)- An Indian  Freedom Fighter and former Indian Union Minister of Agriculture - belonging  to Tamil Nadu

35. Mr.Jayaprakash Narayan (1902–1979)- A Freedom -Fighter and a Social Reformer belonging to Bihar- Awarded Posthumously

Recipients of 1999 (3):

36 .Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-2012) -A Classical-Sitarist  belonging to Uttar Pradesh.

37. Dr.Amartya Sen- Born in 1933- An Indian Economist  and a Nobel Laureate ( For Economics, 1998),-belonging to West Bengal

38.  Mr.Gopinath Bordoloi (1890–1950)-- An Indian freedom  fighter belonging to Assam- Awarded Posthumously

2000:None
2001 (2):

39. Ms.Lata Mangeshkar- Born in 1929- A Hindi -Cinema-Play back Singer belonging  to Maharashtra

40. Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006)- A Classical Shehnai- Maestro belonging to Bihar

From 2002 To 2007:None
2008 (1):

41. Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (1922-2011)  A Hindustani classical vocalist belonging to Karnataka.

From 2009 To 2012: None
2013: 

42. Sachin Tendulkar- (Born in the year 1973)- Sports Person / Cricketer -for his unreachable achievements and unbreakable records in the field of cricket, which earned good name and glory to India, in a span of 24 years.

43. Dr.C.N.R.Rao- Indian Chemist- the man behind India's maiden 'Mars'-Mission 

Note: On the last day of his career in cricket, on 16th November 2013, at the end of his last and the 200th test cricket match, held at his home pitch, Mumbai, against West Indies, the Government of India has announced Bharat Ratna to the Indian 'God of Cricket' Sachin Tendulkar as a fitting farewell gift 
and to Dr C.N.R.Rao for his services in India's-"Mars-Mission".

On 04th February 2014, the 'Bharat Ratna' awards announced for Dr.C.N.R.Rao and  Sachin Tendulkar  were conferred on them  and the awards were given by the President of India Pranab Mukherjee in a simple function held at the "Durbar Hall" of the Rahstrapathi Bhavan, Newdelhi.

Sachin Tendular, on hearing the news that he would be given the nation's highest civilian award on 16th November 2013 had initially dedicated the 'Bharat Ratna' award to his mother Mrs.Rajni.

However, on 17th November 2013, he dedicated the award to all the mothers in India, as there are millions and millions of mothers in India, who are sacrificing so many things for their children. 

The First Indian Sports Person To Receive Bharat Ratna Award-Sachin

44.Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya:Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  
45. Atal Bihari Vajpayee:

The President's Office on Wednesday announced the Bharat Ratna award to Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (posthumously) and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

The announcement was made on the eve of Mr. Vajpayee's 90th birthday and the 153rd birth anniversary of Pandit Malviya.

The BJP has been demanding Bharat Ratna for Mr. Vajpayee for a long time; and BJP patriarch L.K. Advani has been at the forefront of seeking the highest civilian honour for the former Prime Minister. 

A Bharat Ratna for Pandit Malviya, a freedom fighter and the founder of the Benaras Hindu University was proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his election campaign. Justice Giridhar Malviya, the grandson of Pandit Malaviya was one of those who proposed the nomination of Mr. Modi from Varanasi parliamentary constituency. Mr. Vajpayee will be the seventh Prime Minister to receive the award, while Pandit Malviya will be the 12th person to be honoured posthumously.

Earlier recipients of the award include former Prime Ministers Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Morarji Desai, Lal Bahadur Shastri, along with first Governor General of free India C. Rajagopalachari, and former Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.